Lower anticoagulation for mechanical heart valves: experience with the ATS bileaflet valve

Background: The design of the bileaflet ATS (ATS Medical Inc., Minneapolis, USA) mechanical valve incorporates an open pivot at the hinge mechanism. Total washout of the blood at the pivot area was observed using 3-D computational fluid dynamics modelling. This phenomenon could make the valve less vulnerable to clot formation in patients without major thromboembolic risk factors.

Methods: From January 1993 to June 1999, 286 consecutive patients had the ATS valve inserted in the aortic position. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised all patients in regular sinus rhythm with good left ventricular function (144 patients). Group 2 included patients in non-sinus rhythm and/or with large hypocontractile left ventricles (142 patients). The anticoagulation regime in group 1 was used to obtain an international normalised ratio (INR) between 1.5 and 2.5. This contrasts with our regular aim to maintain the INR strictly between 2.5 and 3.5 for all mechanical valves, as achieved in group 2.

Results: The follow-up period (99% completeness) ranged from 18 to 84 months. Survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 97 and 98% and 92 and 81% at 1 and 5 years in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P = 0.12). Log rank analysis failed to detect a statistical difference in thromboembolism or bleeding between both groups (P > 0.05). However, trends were in favour of group 1. Univariate analysis selected poor ventricular function and an ‘erratic’ INR value (P = 0.002) as risk factors for death. The sole independent risk factor for bleeding was the use of aspirin (P = 0.025).

Conclusions: The excellent group 1 data and outcome encouraged us to continue our low intensive anticoagulation regime and perhaps should be regarded as a new concept for treatment of selected mechanical valve patients.     

Functional tricuspid regurgitation secondary to aortic annular abscess: An unusual presentation of infective endocarditis

An unusual case of aortic annular abscess is presented, in which the patient presented with features of gross tricuspid regurgitation. There was no direct involvement of the tricuspid valve. Tricuspid regurgitation disappeared following surgical repair of the annular abscess. The present case also illustrates the utility of trans-oesophageal echocardiography in establishing the diagnosis and planning surgical intervention.     

Anti-thrombotic, anti-platelet and fibrinolytic therapy: current management of acute myocardial infarction

Significant advances in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) have been obtained in recent times. In particular, thrombolytic therapy has been shown to preserve ventricular function and improve survival in patients with acute MI. Therapies now include third-generation thrombolytic agents, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and intracoronary stenting, and new anti-thrombotic therapies including anti-platelet treatment with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibition and direct anti-thrombin agents. This review will focus on the use of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists and thrombin inhibitors as adjunctive therapies to thrombolytic treatment of patients with acute MI.     

Lymphome non hodgkinien Ki-1 positif révélé par des ulcérations cutanéomuqueuses et une glomérulonéphrite

Malignant lymphoma particularly of T phenotype can be associated with specific or non specific cutaneous lesions. These cutaneous manifestations can occur at the onset of the disease being sometimes the revealing sign or they can appear during the course of the lymphoreticular malignancies. Glomerulonephritis was also described in lymphoma. Ki- positive large cell lymphoma was recently identified. A new case is reported with lymphadenopathy and intestinal localisation revealed by cutaneous and mucosal ulcerations principally in the mouth and a focal segmental glomerulonephritis with endo- and extracapillary proliferation. The absence of lymphoma in cutaneous and renal lesions and the clinical presentation support the hypothesis of paraneoplastic manifestations, may be related to a vasculitis.     

显微手术治疗脑胶质瘤的临床疗效探讨

目的对显微手术治疗脑胶质瘤的临床疗效及复发影响因素进行探讨。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月运用显微手术治疗96例脑胶质瘤患者的临床资料,分析其手术疗效和复发影响因素。结果所选患者使用显微外科手术肿瘤全切74例,占77.1%,次全切19例,占19.8%,部分切除3例,占3.1%;出院时恢复良好57例(59.4%),基本好转26例(27.1%),显效8例(8.3%),进步5例(5.2%),无1例死亡;随访1~3年,所有患者获得随访,恢复正常者58例,占60.4%,38例复发,其中19例再次手术,死亡3例(非手术死亡),15例拒绝再次手术,死亡6例;低级别胶质瘤复发的发生率为15.4%,明显低于高级别胶质瘤的68.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);年龄小于等于40岁的发生率为29.2%,明显低于大于40岁的50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);全切组的复发发生率为16.2%,明显低于次全切、部分切除的72.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论显微手术可明显提高肿瘤全切率,使手术疗效大大提高,从而提高生活质量,降低复发率及病死率;且术后的复发率与肿瘤组织分型、年龄、手术方式有关。     

MICA新等位基因MICA?008：05的DNA序列鉴定及分析

目的：采用直接测序法及克隆测序法确认新等位基因 MICA?008：05。方法采用 Sequence Base Typing （ SBT）法分型技术对MICA的多态性进行常规基因分型,采用克隆测序法进行确认并与已知的等位基因序列进行比对。结果发现1个样本在外显子3上有1个碱基位置与国际通用MICA数据库不相符。该基因与MICA?008：01：01相比在外显子3的碱基位置591出现突变（ C→T）,密码子位置174由TCC→TCT,相应编码氨基酸是同义突变。结论 DNA测序结果表明该基因序列为新的MICA等位基因,已提交GenBank,并被世界卫生组织HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为MICA?008：05。     

三种机用镍钛器械对推出根尖孔碎屑和冲洗液影响的比较

背景:根管预备过程中所产生的牙本质碎屑及冲洗液有可能被带到牙根尖周围,造成严重的术后疼痛并延缓根尖组织愈合过程。研究表明,采用机用镍钛器械主进行根管预备时的根尖碎屑产生量明显低于手用器械。目的:比较临床上常用的3种机动镍钛旋转式器械ProT aper、Pro File及K3和手动不锈钢器械K-file在根管预备时,推出根尖孔的牙本质碎屑量和冲洗液渗出量。方法:选取40颗单根管人离体牙,随机均分成4组,分别用镍钛旋转器械ProT aper、ProF ile、K3及手动不锈钢器械K-file进行根管预备,预备后每颗样本牙用等量的冲洗液冲洗根管,收集预备过程中从根尖孔推出的碎屑和液体,电子秤测得推出根尖孔的液体和碎屑的质量。结果与结论:K-file组所产生的根尖推出碎屑量及冲洗液渗出量最多,多于镍钛旋转器械3组(P<0.05);K3组根尖推出碎屑量最少,但3种机动镍钛器械根尖推出碎屑量组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);K3组冲洗液渗出量明显少于ProT aper及Pro File组(P<0.05),后两组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。K-file组所产生的冲洗液渗出量与根尖推出碎屑量呈正相关(P<0.05),机用镍钛器械3组中冲洗液与根尖推出碎屑量无明显相关性。说明在临床上进行根管预备时尽量选用机用镍钛器械。     

CT引导下骨水泥注入辅助人工虎骨粉修复骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折:骨痂生长及骨愈合评价

背景:研究证实微创手术修复骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折效果显著,能撑起椎体恢复高度和硬度,达到解除疼痛、早日活动的目的。但是患者术后长期卧床会导致较多的并发症,预后效果不理想。当前许多中药开始应用于骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折的康复。目的:观察人工虎骨粉辅助CT引导下骨水泥注入微创修复骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折患者的骨痂生长及骨折愈合情况。方法:选取85例骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折患者为研究对象,随机将患者分为两组,观察组43例,对照组42例。观察组及对照组患者分别在CT引导下微创经皮椎体成形治疗的基础上配合服用人工虎骨粉及接骨七厘片,观察两组患者骨痂生长、骨折愈合情况以及疼痛缓解时间。结果与结论:观察组术后骨痂生长良好,多为Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级患者;显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。在疼痛缓解时间及骨折愈合时间上,观察组显著短于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的JOA评分优良率显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。提示微创经皮椎体成形联合辅助CT引导下骨水泥注入修复骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折效果显著,同时配合服用人工虎骨粉对骨折愈合有很好的促进作用。     

种植导板的设计制作及临床应用前景

背景:种植体的准确植入是术后获得美观、良好功能修复体的关键,也是种植体得到良好骨结合的重要保证。目的:对种植导板的分类、设计制作、精确度和临床应用进行总结和介绍,并着重对计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制造技术(CAD/CAM)制作的种植导板做一阐述。方法:应用计算机检索2000至2014年中国知网和Pub Med数据库中,关于种植导板制作和临床应用具有代表性的文献,在主题词中以"种植导板,精确性,快速成型,CAD/CAM"或"surgical implant guide,accuracy,rapid prototype"为检索词进行检索。结果与结论:种植导板由导管与定位板组成,其中导管的位置和角度记录了术前设计种植体的位置、角度与深度信息,通过导管将这些信息转移到手术中,以便使种植体植入到准确位置;定位板起着定位作用,它与骨、牙齿或牙槽嵴表面相贴合。种植导板的应用能提高种植修复后的效果,尤其是CAD/CAM种植导板的应用,不仅提高了种植修复后的美学效果,改善了修复体的应力分布,还降低了手术风险,简化了手术过程,但其制作价格较昂贵且还存在一些不足,需要进一步研究以降低其成本,提高临床应用效果。     

C 4-C 6前路固定参数CT影像数字化钉道模拟测量的临床意义

背景：颈椎前路手术虽入路解剖结构较为复杂,风险大,但能固定颈椎主要承重的前柱,固定较为稳定,复发率较低。由于该项技术较新,临床缺乏相关固定参数。
　　目的：对C4-C6前路固定参数进行测量,为该节段前路固定治疗的广泛开展提供参数参考。
　　方法：选取2009年1月至2012年12月进行颈椎检查C4-C6颈椎无病变的35例研究对象的CT影像学资料,男20例,女15例;年龄25-50岁,平均41.2岁。采用Mimics16.01软件对影像资料进行重建测量椎体前后径及左右径,椎体高,椎骨横突孔的前后径与左右径,左右两侧横突孔内侧缘之间距离,左右两侧椎弓根轴线与矢状轴和水平轴的夹角及长度。
　　结果与结论：椎体左右径C4-C6由(26.67±0.25) mm逐渐增长到(32.89±0.12) mm,椎体前后径C4-C6由(6.89±0.12) mm逐渐增长到(8.85±0.44) mm,不同节段间比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。椎体正中矢状面前、中、后缘高度从C4[前缘(7.99±0.51) mm,中高为(7.09±0.42) mm,后高为(7.76±0.49) mm];到C6[前缘为(9.89±0.45) mm,中高为(8.42±0.75) mm,后高为(8.84±0.26)mm],椎体间比较差异有显著性意义(P <0.05)。椎骨横突孔前后径和左右径均随椎序的增加而逐渐增加(P <0.05)。C4-C6左右两侧横突孔内侧缘距离由(25.10±0.45) mm逐渐增长到(28.89±0.56) mm,不同节段间比较差异均有显著性意义(P <0.05)。椎弓根轴线与矢状轴和水平轴的夹角及长度均随颈椎序数的增加逐渐增大,差异有显著性意义(P <0.05)。